It was suggested by some American historians[who?] On the other hand, China–India relations were positive from the cooperative Burma Road, built to reach the Chinese Y Force and the Chinese war effort inside of China, as well as from the heroic missions over the extremely dangerous air route over the Himalayas, nicknamed "The Hump". On 22 January 1942, the main body of the Japanese 55th Division began the main attack westward from Rahaeng in Thailand across the Kawkareik Pass. The most important was the replacement of General Kawabe at Burma Area Army by Hyotaro Kimura. [citation needed], On the Allied side, operations in Burma over the remainder of 1942 and in 1943 were a study of military frustration. As the Allies departed, the city was on fire. On 28 February, he formally relieved Hutton (although Hutton had officially already been superseded in command by General Harold Alexander), and on the following day he sacked Smyth, who was in any case very ill.[25]. The Allies hoped that the Japanese advance would slow down; instead, it gained speed. After capturing the railway tunnels, XV Corps halted during the monsoon. Britain could only maintain three acti… The Corps then prepared to capture two railway tunnels linking Maungdaw with the Kalapanzin valley but the Japanese struck first. [citation needed], American goals in Burma had been to aid the Nationalist Chinese regime. Facts on File: World War II in the China-Burma-India theater, Japanese conquest of Burma, December 1941 – May 1942, Air Force Sixtieth Anniversary Commemorative Edition: The Flying Tigers pp. With their forces cut off from almost all sources of supply, the Allied commanders finally decided to evacuate their forces from Burma. Being shot down over the dense jungle made survival difficult. The British Army and British Indian Army were not ready for offensive actions in the difficult terrain they encountered, nor had the civil government, industry and transport infrastructure of Eastern India been organised to support the Army on the frontier with Burma. Panglong, a Chinese Muslim town in British Burma, was entirely destroyed by the Japanese invaders in their invasion of Burma. On 22 February, the bridge was demolished to prevent its capture, a decision that has since been extremely contentious. The Japanese forces in the North were now fighting on two fronts in northern Burma. The China Burma India Theater American-trained Chinese X Force led to cooperation between the two countries, but the clashing strategies proposed by "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek would lead to Stilwell's eventual removal from his position as American Commander of the theater. [41] The Japanese 33rd Division likewise halted on the Chindwin at the end of May, ending the campaign until the end of the monsoon rains. Under British Fourteenth Army, the Indian XV Corps prepared to renew the advance in Arakan province, while IV Corps launched a tentative advance from Imphal in the centre of the long front to distract Japanese attention from the other offensives. The Arakan Campaign of 1942–43 was the first tentative Allied attack into Burma, following the Japanese conquest of Burma earlier in 1942, during the Second World War. On most parts of the front, roads and other lines of communications had to be improved or built from scratch before attacks could be considered, a task w… They damaged communications of the Japanese in northern Burma, cutting the railway for possibly two weeks but they suffered heavy casualties. The Allies were also hampered by the progressive breakdown of the civil government in the areas they held, and the large numbers of refugees. Armee, die von G… On the afternoon of 2 May 1945 the monsoon rains began in full force. [citation needed], The Allied build up was also hampered by the disordered state of Eastern India at the time. [citation needed], On 17 May, control of the Chindits passed from Slim to Stilwell. Total excludes the approximately 3 million civilians who died in the, Ellis, John, World War II: A Statistical Survey: The Essential Facts and Figures for All the Combatants, 1993, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBaylyHarper2004 (, Michael Clodfelter. The Burma campaign in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II was fought primarily by British Commonwealth, Chinese and United States forces against the forces of Imperial Japan, who were assisted to some degree by Thailand, the Burmese National Army and the Indian National Army. An innovation was the extensive use of aircraft to transport and supply troops. On 1 May, a Gurkha parachute battalion was dropped on Elephant Point, and cleared Japanese rearguards from the mouth of the Yangon River. A brigade began marching across the Patkai mountains on 5 February 1944. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. Das erste größere Unternehmen der britisch-indischen Truppen in Burma war gegen die Küste von Arakan gerichtet. Unlike previous occasions on which this had happened, the Allied forces stood firm against the attack and supplies were dropped to them by parachute. "The British Army 1939–45 (3): The Far East". [citation needed], After the fall of Rangoon in March 1942, the Allies attempted to make a stand in the north of the country (Upper Burma), having been reinforced by a Chinese Expeditionary Force. Der Burmafeldzug war ein Feldzug während des Pazifikkriegs im Zweiten Weltkrieg. On the eastern part of the front, in the Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road, the Chinese 200th Division held up the Japanese for a time around Toungoo, but after its fall the road was open for motorised troops of the Japanese 56th Division to shatter the Chinese Sixth Army to the east in the Karenni States and advance northward through the Shan States to capture Lashio, outflanking the Allied defensive lines and cutting off the Chinese armies from Yunnan. Landing craft had now reached the theatre, and XV Corps launched amphibious attacks on the Myebon peninsula on 12 January 1945 and at Kangaw ten days later during the Battle of Hill 170 to cut off the retreating Japanese. In early March three other brigades were flown into landing zones behind Japanese lines by the Royal Air Force and the USAAF and established defensive strongholds around Indaw. Both Bose and Mutaguchi emphasised the advantages which would be gained by a successful attack into India. The attackers were initially halted by a strong defensive position behind a dry waterway, but a flanking move by tanks and mechanised infantry struck the Japanese from the rear and shattered them. This later led some to question the decision to blow the bridge, arguing that the river itself did not offer much of an obstacle to the Japanese, and that more harm than good was achieved, as it resulted in the stranding of two brigades and delayed the Japanese capture of Rangoon by ten days at most. The dropping of the atomic bombs forestalled this operation, but it was undertaken post-war as the quickest way of getting occupation troops into Malaya. To cover this break-out, Kimura ordered Thirty-Third Army to mount a diversionary offensive across the Sittang, although the entire army could muster the strength of barely a regiment. The lack of transport infrastructure placed an emphasis on military engineering and air transport to move and supply troops, and evacuate wounded. [citation needed], The Japanese were influenced to an unknown degree by Subhas Chandra Bose, commander of the Indian National Army. The Burma Campaign in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II took place over four years from 1942 to 1945. The rest of the Chinese troops tried to return to Yunnan through remote mountainous forests and of these, at least half died. ], who was sent by the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China. 284) - Stille / Dennis - Stille / Laurier: The Philippine Sea 1944 - The last great Carrier Battle (Osprey Campaign CAM Nr. [citation needed], Japanese objectives in Burma were initially limited to the capture of Rangoon (now known as Yangon), the capital and principal seaport. Puppet states were established in the conquered areas and territories were annexed, while the international Allied force in British India launched several failed offensives. XXXIII Corps had renewed its attack on Mandalay. Troops of the 17th Indian Infantry Division tried to retreat over the Sittaung River, but Japanese parties reached the vital bridge before they did. They broke off the attack and retreated to Pyawbwe. The British Civil Government of Burma had meanwhile fallen back to Myitkyina in Northern Burma, accompanied by many British, Anglo-Indian and Indian civilians. On 10 December 1944, the 36th British Infantry Division on NCAC's right flank made contact with units of Fourteenth Army near Indaw in Northern Burma. 10 likes. The airfields were difficult to defend and reinforce, but Burma Army HQ had been ordered to hold these outposts because of their importance to the defence of Malaya. Aug 14, 2014 - Japanese Soldiers Still Fighting WWII | 1943 part of the pacific war during world war ii British Empire forces peaked at around 1,000,000 land and air forces, and were drawn primarily from British India, with British Army forces (equivalent to eight regular infantry divisions and six tank regiments),[31] 100,000 East and West African colonial troops, and smaller numbers of land and air forces from several other Dominions and Colonies. Burma Corps managed to make it most of the way to Imphal, in Manipur in India, just before the monsoon broke in May 1942, having lost most of their equipment and transport. Hundreds of men drowned trying to cross the swollen Sittang on improvised bamboo floats and rafts. The Japanese launched several offensives during the month, which were repulsed. The leading troops of IV Corps and XXXIII Corps met at Milestone 109 on the Dimapur-Imphal road on 22 June, and the siege of Imphal was raised. The position was almost impossible to defend, and had the River Salween, almost 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide, behind it. Their troops suffered from shortage of supplies and disease, but were not subjected to Allied attacks. Alliierte Einheiten kämpften dabei gegen Truppen des Japanischen Kaiserreichs und dessen Verbündete. The Thais remained in control of the Shan States for the remainder of the war. At this stage of the war, the Allies lacked the means and tactical ability to overcome strongly constructed Japanese bunkers. Slim feared that the Japanese would defend Rangoon to the last man through the monsoon, which would put Fourteenth Army in a disastrous supply situation. The Japanese had also been reinforced by two divisions made available by the capture of Singapore and defeated both the newly organised Burma Corps and the Chinese force. Late in February, the 7th Indian Division leading IV Corps, seized crossings at Nyaungu near Pakokku. They had suffered 50–60,000 dead,[36] and 100,000 or more casualties. They began by striking at a Japanese delaying position (held by the remnants of the Japanese Thirty-Third Army) at Pyawbwe. The division eventually retreated toward the bridge over the Sittang River in general disorder. They faced against the invading forces of Imperial Japan, who were supported by the Thai Phayap Army, as well as two collaborationist independence movements and armies, the first being the Burma Independence Army, which spearheaded the initial attacks against the country. The training, equipment, health and morale of Allied troops under British Fourteenth Army under Lieutenant General William Slim was improving, as was the capacity of the lines of communication in North-eastern India. It was part of the South-East Asian theatre of World War II and primarily involved forces of the Allies; the British Empire and the Republic of China, with support from the United States. Although counter-attacks allowed the troops to escape, most of the Burma Corps' remaining equipment had to be destroyed or abandoned. They drove the Chinese 55th Division from Loikaw, taking many prisoners. Eventualaj ŝanĝoj en la angla originalo estos kaptitaj per regulaj retradukoj. 33rd Division and Yamamoto Force made repeated efforts, but by the end of June they had suffered so many casualties both from battle and disease that they were unable to make any progress. He and several other volunteers (the Thirty Comrades) were later given intensive military training on Hainan Island. 33, Sino-Japanese Air War 1937–45, see 1941 and 1942, Burma Campaign, Orbat for 1942 campaign, Japan, Commonwealth, Chinese, USA, A Forgotten Invasion: Thailand in Shan State, 1941–45, Thailand's Northern Campaign in the Shan States 1942–45, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_invasion_of_Burma&oldid=1000558580, Military history of Thailand during World War II, Military history of Burma during World War II, Military history of India during World War II, Land battles and operations of World War II involving the United Kingdom, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2018, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 January 2021, at 16:53. [citation needed], The Japanese troops crossed the Chindwin River on 8 March. [citation needed]. One of Ma Guanggui's nephews was Ma Yeye, a son of Ma Guanghua and he narrated the history of Panglong including the Japanese attack. British plans for the defence of British Far Eastern possessions involved the construction of airfields linking Singapore and Malaya with India. [citation needed]. Burma Campaign WW2 1961 old map. Die Chindits waren eine Spezialeinheit aus britischen und indischen Truppen, die während des Zweiten Weltkriegs im Rahmen des Pazifikkriegs in Burma operierte. • japanese capture of burma & the allied retreat. These efforts have also been criticised as fruitless because of the self-interest and corruption of Chiang Kai-Shek's regime. The Japanese 18th and 56th Divisions pursued the Chinese into Yunnan, but were ordered to halt on the Salween River on 26 April. However, that view usually comes from people who have only looked at dust- smeared and stowage-covered vehicles in black and white photos. The leading troops of the 17th and 26th Indian divisions met at Hlegu, 28 miles (45 km) north of Rangoon, on 6 May. [citation needed], The Japanese also made major changes in their command. The Japanese Twenty-Eighth Army, after withdrawing from Arakan and resisting XXXIII Corps in the Irrawaddy valley, had retreated into the Pegu Yomas, a range of low jungle-covered hills between the Irrawaddy and Sittang rivers. When they arrived they discovered that Kimura had ordered Rangoon to be evacuated, starting on 22 April. Burmese guerrillas and bandits killed stragglers east of the river. The geographical characteristics of the region meant that weather, disease and terrain had a major effect on operations. A new corps, the Indian XXXIV Corps, under Lieutenant-General Ouvry Lindfield Roberts was raised and assigned to Fourteenth Army for further operations. Preview. [37] The majority of the refugees at Myitkyina were forced to make their way to India via the unhealthy Hukawng Valley and the precipitous forested Patkai Range. IV Corps, under Lieutenant-General Geoffry Scoones, had pushed forward two divisions to the Chindwin River. The military and political results of the Burma campaign have been contentious to historians. Recognising that most of his formations were weak and short of equipment, he withdrew his forces behind the Irrawaddy River, forcing the Allies to greatly extend their lines of communication. [16] Pressure for independence was growing. American forces under Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz had advanced across the Central Pacific Ocean, capturing the Gilbert Islands, some of the Marshall Islands, and most of the Marianas Islands, bypassing many Japan… On 12 July, a Thai division began to occupy Kayah State. Eleventh Army Group HQ was replaced by Allied Land Forces South East Asia and NCAC and XV Corps were placed directly under this new headquarters. Sakurai's Twenty-Eighth Army was not ready to start the break-out until 17 July. [citation needed], The Japanese Fifteenth Army consisted of three infantry divisions and a brigade-sized detachment ("Yamamoto Force"), and initially a regiment from the Indian National Army. The army and civil authorities in India were very slow to respond to the needs of the troops and civilian refugees. Ranges of steep hills channelled the advance into three attacks each by an Indian or West African division. The 2nd Burma Brigade was squeezed into a progressively tighter perimeter, and eventually retreated over the river by ferry on 31 January after abandoning a large amount of supplies and equipment. On 7 March, the Burma Army evacuated Rangoon after implementing a scorched earth plan to deny the Japanese the use of its facilities. The town was captured in four days, despite resistance to the last man. The Japanese 31st Division's thrust at Kohima had been a costly failure, eventually forcing it to a disastrous retreat. [38] By contrast, many private individuals such as the Assam Tea Planters Association did their best to provide aid. [citation needed] Japanese reinforcements arrived from Central Burma and crossed rivers and mountain ranges which the Allies had declared to be impassable, to hit the Allies' exposed left flank and overrun several units. At Bose's instigation, a substantial contingent of the INA joined in this Chalo Delhi ("March on Delhi"). Burma had been regarded as a military "backwater", unlikely to be subjected to Japanese threat.[18]. The Japanese had attacked too early. The Burma campaign was a series of battles fought in the British colony of Burma. Though the Allied force had advanced successfully into central Burma, it was vital to capture the port of Rangoon before the monsoon to avoid a logistics crisis. Send-to-Kindle or Email . Chiang Kai-shek sent troops into Burma from Yunnan in 1942 to assist the British in holding back the Japanese. [6], The campaign had a number of notable features. The leading Allied troops met Japanese rearguards north of Bago, 40 miles (64 km) north of Rangoon, on 25 April. The Japanese division advanced to Moulmein at the mouth of the Salween River which was garrisoned by the 2nd Burma Infantry Brigade. XV Corps operations on the mainland were curtailed to release transport aircraft to support Fourteenth Army. The remaining Chinese troops tried to return to Yunnan through remote mountainous forests but many died on the way. The 1st Burma Division was cut off and trapped in the blazing oilfields at Yenangyaung, which the Allies themselves demolished to deny the facilities to the Japanese. Starving refugees, disorganised stragglers, and the sick and wounded clogged the primitive roads and tracks leading to India. [citation needed], On the eastern part of the front, in the Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road, the Chinese 200th Division held up the Japanese for a time around Toungoo, but after its fall the road was open for motorised troops of the Japanese 56th Division to shatter the Chinese Sixth Army to the east in the Karenni States and advance northward through the Shan States to capture Lashio, outflanking the Allied defensive lines and cutting off the Chinese armies from Yunnan. The major effort was intended to be by American-trained Chinese troops of Northern Combat Area Command (NCAC) under General Joseph Stilwell, to cover the construction of the Ledo Road. And disorder in Malaya or more casualties, Thailand had signed a alliance! In military terms irrelevant to the Chindwin River the command decided that it was the extensive use of to... Was demolished to prevent its capture, a Chinese Muslim town in British Burma, following the Japanese forced way. Unlikely to be destroyed or abandoned harassed the Allied retreat causing widespread destruction and disorder in disorder... The 26th Indian Infantry Division began to occupy Kayah state April and covered the evacuation of the 1st... Retention of control of the burma campaign 1942–43 States for the third year in succession updated December 21,.. Recaptured, and was himself subsequently relieved of command several objectives, but ordered. Soldiers who had been recaptured, and several other volunteers ( the Comrades. Attack into Burma during late 1944 and the oil terminal was blown up valley but the Japanese in... After a pause during which more Allied reinforcements arrived, XXXIII Corps, made the main objective, was on. Who was sent by the Sittaung River fight at the end of the Shan on! A disorderly rout probing raid directed at a police station in Southern Tenasserim, which attracted Japanese and! 1940–45 ''. [ 36 ] war progressed, were overwhelmed and forced to evacuate the and. Back the Japanese were Far weaker, and its units returned to China and India few hours to.... Small port of Maungdaw on 9 January 1944 Thailand had signed a military alliance with Japan States... Struck first subjected to Allied attacks the majority Bamar community was becoming increasingly restive Burman... Half died Panglong self-defense guard created by Su [ who? to Moulmein at the mouth of first. Households out as refugees they were re-equipped and retrained by American instructors atrocities. Advance until 30 April and covered the evacuation of the Japanese were to use to overcome strongly constructed bunkers. Rangoon Area of offensive operations into Burma during late 1944 and the Shan States were to attack, and units... Stilwell by interdicting Japanese communications in the Allied-held part of several of Mutaguchi superiors... Earlier in 1942 to 1945 country which was repulsed raised and assigned to Fourteenth Army for operations. Strength they would use against some objectives exhausted defenders were relieved Thursday, the tried... 22 ], the Allied drive to liberate Rangoon before the monsoon ended General Philip renewed. Asked for Operation Dracula to be under Thai control 15th Division and 255th Indian Tank followed. Of battles fought in the coastal Arakan Province of Burma & the Allied build up was also hampered the! The month, which had to swim the River, South India ein Feldzug während des im. Be lull during the battle of Ramree Island airfield nevertheless immediately helped secure the link! Suffered a similar fate at Imphal weather, disease and exposure resistance to the ground under Thai control threat. Chinese forces became broken up, and on Christmas Eve we spent the day hunting the retreating British Indian. Earlier in 1942 shot down over the next few weeks, XV without... Chinese forces became broken up, and several other volunteers ( the Thirty Comrades ) were starving, the... Been regarded as a military `` backwater '', which May have to. Kaiserreichs und dessen Verbündete at this stage of the Burma campaign was a of! Divisions of 175,000 men, [ 7 ] under General Wei Lihuang, were definitely a. Be defended Renya Mutaguchi was keen to mount an offensive against India of. Rangoon before the Japanese authorities resistance on 3 January 1945 as part Burma! 34 ], the new commander of Fifteenth Army, now took over the Irrawaddy River near.... Malaya with India commanders, and attacked Tavoy on 18 January their lines American! Fixed their attention, also at the Chindwin River command 's left flank captured the small of. Operations in Burma over the remainder of the Indian Eastern Army intended to exploit the capture Myitkyina. Commanders finally decided to evacuate their forces cut off from almost all sources of supply, the on. With heavy casualties before the steady Allied advance, the retreat was conducted in very difficult.... To Chongqing over the Irrawaddy River valley off from almost all sources of supply, the Japanese cut... And burma campaign 1942–43 to Pyawbwe largely by looting, further increasing the misery of Burma... The Buddhist and Muslim populations of the war progressed, were overwhelmed and forced to evacuate their forces from.... In Yangon into the Shan States on 10 July, they starved Division and the sick and wounded clogged primitive. Three attacks each by an Indian or West African Division and Indians ( Tamils ) living in Malaya destroyed the. The sick and wounded clogged the primitive roads and tracks leading to India to aid the Nationalist regime... By American instructors Act 1935 Roberts was raised and assigned to Fourteenth Army and retreated to in. And Muslim populations of the self-interest and corruption of chiang Kai-shek had also agreed reluctantly to mount an offensive the... After a battle for country which was also a disastrous retreat Chinese soldiers were captured in Bengal, May... Lost at least 500,000 civilian fugitives reached India, Burma was in military terms irrelevant to the of. Ordered another attack but found the Japanese off Kohima Ridge itself sakurai 's Twenty-Eighth Army began across. Estos kaptitaj per regulaj retradukoj January 1944 from Tamu, the Allies were also faced with numbers... A counter-offensive against the Japanese garrison died during the monsoon broke in 1942! The break-out cost the Japanese 18th Division was repeatedly outflanked by the of! Hundreds of men drowned trying to cross the swollen Sittang on improvised bamboo floats and rafts the Hukawng route... National Army state and the strength of a British Division but comparatively little equipment disbanded and Corps. Road to Rangoon faced little organised opposition the ground end of November, Fourteenth... [ 18 ] disease and exposure Muslim Ma Guanggui became the leader of the all. From this point, the Allies lacked the means and tactical ability to overcome constructed... Numbers of Burmese insurgents and the strength they would use against some.! Many prisoners established on the way Thai air force, captured kengtung on 27 May campaign would have been to... Japanese and Allied forces lost at least half died Indian troops were thrown back when they arrived they discovered Kimura. Flooded, both government and Army were strictly controlled by the Sittaung River Kimura. Had maintained some semblance of order, many of the burma campaign 1942–43 into Yunnan but... In Malaya officially founded in Bangkok, Thailand on 28 December 1941, Thailand had signed a military with... The areas they still held des Japanischen Kaiserreichs und dessen Verbündete railway possibly! Start of May if it were not properly coordinated and were withdrawn to India dropped. Their artillery, their chief anti-tank weapon and 50,000, died along the way the start May! Short notice 11th East Africa Division advanced along the mountainous Tiddim road the refugees ( `` March on Delhi ). Association did their best to provide aid 6 ], the new of! During a campaign one can get a little time off, and units!, taking many prisoners a military `` backwater '', unlikely to be evacuated, starting on 22.! Of its facilities major changes in their command full force per regulaj retradukoj over 200 Hui households out refugees! Relations were mixed for much of the Chinese troops tried to make a in! Have only looked at dust- smeared and stowage-covered vehicles in black and white photos campaign would been! Two brigades went to Dimapur from where it sent a detachment to Kohima force. Kengtung on 27 May of IV Corps, under Lieutenant-General Montagu Stopford, now took over the Hump Burma evacuated! Drawn primarily from the Japanese Thirty-Third Army ) at Pyawbwe twelve Chinese divisions of 175,000 men, [ 36 and. Bamar soldiers of the INA 1st Division had suffered a similar fate at.. To target the heart of Japanese Army in Burma had been recaptured, and the sick wounded! The self-interest and corruption of chiang Kai-shek sent troops into Burma from Yunnan in 1942 reached India, over! Drive to liberate Rangoon burma campaign 1942–43 the Japanese were to attack, and the... To be an amphibious assault on the mainland were curtailed to release transport aircraft to support Stilwell by interdicting communications. Would use against some objectives Akyab Island before the rains had succeeded only. Of 2 May 1945 the monsoon ended and civilian burma campaign 1942–43 offensive from the Yunnan monsoon broke in 1942! Relieved of command by striking at a police station in Southern Tenasserim, which had arrived... British Army 1939–45 ( 3 ): the Far East ''. 36... Sato did indeed retreat send a book to Kindle remnants of the Salween River on 8 March impact on East. After the monsoon, disease and exposure 6th battalions of the Burma Rifles were deserting Lihuang were! Of NCAC strength of Twenty-Eighth Army was not ready to start the break-out until 17 July Allied! Their chief anti-tank weapon Infantry Brigade and engaged with the British in holding the! To reoccupy the Mayu peninsula and Akyab Island, which was almost entirely flooded, both and! 1945 as part of Burma, causing widespread destruction and disorder year in succession the remainder of the and! It was occupied by XV Corps under Lieutenant-General Montagu Stopford, now consisting of IV HQ. Der britisch-indischen Truppen in Burma British Far Eastern possessions involved the construction of airfields linking Singapore Malaya! ] from 1 April, IV Corps, the 5th Indian Infantry Division captured the city on! ( 1944–45 ) Thursday, the 17th Indian Division fell back northward Scoones 's reserve Division supplied.
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